A third of prisoners in Croatia are parents of minor children, who face numerous challenges in their daily lives due to their parents' conflict with the law. These children represent a particularly vulnerable group that is exposed to an increased risk of stigmatization, social exclusion and poverty. Their unique experience includes emotional and social difficulties due to separation from their parents, which can have long-term consequences for their development. the protection of children of prisoners is regulated by international and national legal documents such as the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Social Welfare Law. Special emphasis is placed on maintaining contact between the child and parents and the role of social workers who provide support and mediate in maintaining relationships despite physical separation. The work aims to point out the need to improve cooperation between key institutions and develop more efficient policies to support children whose parents are in prison. The importance of further research and the introduction of systematic measures that will enable better protection and realization of the rights of this sensitive group is emphasized.