Doping in sports represents a serious issue that undermines the integrity of sports competitions and the health of athletes. The history of doping dates back far, but over time, stricter measures have been introduced to curb its spread. The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), established in 1999, is the key organization responsible for standardizing rules and regulations on doping at a global level. Doping involves violating one of the rules prescribed by the World Anti-Doping Code. This paper analyzes the international, European, and national legal frameworks for combating doping. At the international level, UNESCO's Convention against Doping in Sport and the World Anti-Doping Code are important as they define the basic rules. The focus of the paper is on the criminal legal framework for combating doping, particularly on the offense related to doping as outlined in the Criminal Code. In Croatia, criminal regulation targets offenses such as the unauthorized production and trafficking of substances banned in sports. In addition to this specific offense, other criminal acts that may apply to doping cases will be analyzed. The paper also explores the criminal law frameworks of other European Union countries, such as Spain, Italy, Germany, and France, and identifies similarities and differences with the Croatian legal system. Through case law, specific cases involving the sanctioning of unauthorized production and trafficking of banned substances in sports have been analyzed. Despite efforts, the fight against doping faces numerous challenges, including new methods of circumventing rules and advancements in doping technology.