In this paper, the issue of human trafficking in Bosnia and Herzegovina is analyzed through the historical development of criminal legislation, with a particular focus on positive legal regulation in the Bosnian and Herzegovinian entities—Federation of BiH and Republic of Srpska—as well as in the Brčko District and at the state level, accompanied by a comparative analysis with the legal framework of the Republic of Croatia. Key legal provisions, international and regional conventions, and protocols that have shaped the legislative framework in BiH are discussed. Statistical data on human trafficking cases, the number of prosecuted cases, and the structure of victims in BiH are analyzed. Special attention is given to the protection of victims, their rights, and the available mechanisms and recommendations for support and reintegration. Additionally, the situation in BiH in the fight against human trafficking is assessed based on reports from the State Department, GRETA, and OSCE, highlighting positive developments as well as existing challenges, particularly regarding coordination between different levels of government and law enforcement. Recommendations from international organizations are also addressed, indicating the necessity for further strengthening the legislative framework, improving protective mechanisms for victims, and enhancing regional cooperation.