This specialist thesis deals with the research of the issue of the protection of persons with disabilities and their legal protection, which guarantees them the right to equal opportunities in life, not only based upon their human rights, but also based upon the right to their realization in social, economic, health and in every other sense in their environment and everyday life. The problems faced by persons with disabilities, regardless of the widely established network of legal regulations, are numerous. Persons with disabilities are an extremely vulnerable and heterogeneous group whose position is further aggravated by prejudice, social exclusion and multiple discriminations. Despite numerous legal regulations that protect their rights and documents that are systematically supplemented and expanded every day, the numbers of persons with disabilities are high and extremely worrying, thus indicating that the application of their guaranteed rights is questionable in practice. One of the most important guaranteed rights of persons with disabilities is the right to education. This is why part of the research in this paper refers to the protection of this right in international, European and Croatian regulations. In addition to the aforementioned issue, the paper also presents two cases of violation of the rights of persons with disabilities in which the protection of the European Court of Human Rights was requested, one of which directly relates to the right to education. Finally, the research in this paper is focused on the right to education of persons with disabilities in the Republic of Croatia in general, and then specifically on the right to education of students with disabilities. A special part of the research is focused on the rights of students with disabilities at Josip Juraj Strossmayer University in Osijek, through which positive results in terms of their protection were achieved. The work itself used the usual methods in the scientific field of law. Among others, the historical method, the method of comparison, the method of analysis and synthesis, the method of induction and deduction, and the method of judicial practice analysis. By applying the aforementioned methods, the paper shows that, despite numerous problems in the application of legal regulations, the right to education of students with disabilities in the Republic of Croatia is on the rise, and that special attention is paid to students with disabilities at our university in terms of the application of their guaranteed rights.