The presence of dual-quality products on the market is an increasingly serious and topical problem in the EU single market. This is a type of unfair commercial practice of the trader against the consumer, and the spread of such practice leads to the appearance of products of higher and lower quality, and consequently to the classification of consumers into those of higher and lower rank. This paper will deal with the protection of consumer rights from the mentioned dual product quality, with special emphasis on the difference in the quality of specific food products. The first part of the work will study the development of the protection of consumer rights at the level of the EU, and the Republic of Croatia, and the definition of the concepts of consumer and trader. The second part of the paper will explain the concept of unfair business practice, its forms, and its connection with product safety. The third part of the paper will present the legislative regulation on product safety in the Republic of Croatia, with a special emphasis on the safety of food products. Also, the very important right to the provision of food information to consumers. The last part of the paper will present the analysis and research results of seemingly identical products in the Republic of Croatia and in the EU, as well as the measures taken by the European Commission to suppress the mentioned unfair commercial practice.