This thesis analyzes the legal regulation of environmental protection, in particular the protection against harmful emissions and the issue of environmental damage. The instruments of civil environmental protection resulting from the application of the provisions of the general rules of real and mandatory law are presented in more detail. The legal instruments analyzed include protection against immissions, protection against damage to property, regulation of neighborly relations and the establishment of requirements for the elimination of the source of the risk of damage caused by environmental pollution. Particular attention has also been paid to the case law of the European Court of Human Rights in proceedings in which the right to live in a healthy environment has been asserted on the basis of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. It compares various aspects related to emissions and environmental damage from the provisions of regulations in the field of environmental protection and provisions of real and mandatory law. It lists the administrative procedures established by the regulations in the field of environmental protection and the methods used in civil proceedings to decide on the protection against harmful emissions and the elimination of the source of the risk of damage. Finally, it emphasizes the need for convergence of these procedures in order to protect the rights of those harmed by pollution and to ensure effective environmental protection.