| Sažetak | U vremenima ubrzanog socijalnog, ekonomskog i kulturnog napretka često svjedočimo različitim nastojanjima mnogih pravnih poredaka da sukladno takvim promjenama u potpunosti transformiraju pravni pristup ili da barem donekle pruže nove vidike i omoguće usklađena uređenja koja bi osigurala siguran nastanak i postojan opstanak sve brojnijih i sadržajno kompleksnijih društvenih odnosa. To se posve primjećuje kroz institucionalno kreiranje optimalnih načina rješavanja nesuglasja i nerazriješenih stranačkih pitanja u građanskopravnim, ali i širim odnosima. Takve neophodne promjene nastale su i kao produkt potrebe za efikasnijom i stranački prihvatljivijom interakcijom sa sudovima. Kao jedan od na takav način zamišljenih instituta nastala je i sudska nagodba, kao jednostavan, brz, efektivan i pristupačan model odlučivanja o pojedinom građanskopravnom i drugom odnosu koji među određenim strankama postoji. Uzevši u obzir osobiti pravni značaj ovog instituta, a koji ima prvenstveno zbog svoje uvjerljive uloge u pružanju alternative sudskoj presudi, upravo je sudska nagodba izabrana za temu ovoga rada u kojemu je pružen osvrt na sve najbitnije aspekte koji je čine i opisuju. Sudska nagodba pogodna je za izučavanje i obradu zbog svojih specifičnih osobina i zanimljive (građanskopravne i procesnopravne) dvojne prirode. Ovaj rad pruža postepeni prikaz instituta sudske nagodbe kroz definiranje tog pojma i diferenciranje s drugim oblicima nagodbe kao što je naprimjer izvansudska nagodba. Opisan je način nastanka i istaknuti su temeljni obvezni kriteriji, te je ostvarena usporedba sa sudskom presudom. U radu se nailazi na pregled mogućnosti sudske nagodbe u parnici i izvan parnice, te je pojašnjen njen učinak na parnicu. Obrađen je segment sudske nagodbe kao ovršne isprave. Poseban je naglasak stavljen na izazove i nedoumice u primjeni sudske nagodbe, a koje se naročito odnose na u doktrini nezaobilazne rasprave u odnosu na relevantne načine njenog pobijanja. Također, pružen je i kritički osvrt na pozitivno pravno uređenje u Republici Hrvatskoj relevantno za sudsku nagodbu, te je izvršena komparacija sa stranim pravnim porecima. Osim toga, u radu se mogu pronaći i interesantni opisi i kritike sudskih presuda koje sugeriraju određeni pristup u praktičnom dijelu primjene. |
| Sažetak (engleski) | In times of accelerated social, economic, and cultural progress, we often witness various efforts of many legal systems to completely transform the legal approach to account for these changes or to at least provide some new perspectives and enable coordinated arrangements that would ensure the safe emergence and stable survival of increasingly numerous and content-complex social relations. This is fully noticeable through the institutional creation of optimal ways of resolving disagreements and unresolved party issues in civil law, as well as in wider relations. Such necessary changes arose due to the need for more efficient and party-friendly interaction with the courts. As one of the institutes conceived in such a way, the court settlement was created, as a simple, fast, effective, and accessible model of decision-making on individual civil law and other disputes that exist between certain parties. Taking into account the special legal significance of this institute, which is primarily due to its persuasive role in providing an alternative to the court verdict, it was the court settlement that was chosen as the topic of this paper, in which a review of all the most important aspects that make it up and describe it are provided. Court settlement warrants study and analysis due to its specific characteristics and interesting (civil law and procedural law) dual nature. This paper provides a step-by-step presentation of the institution of court settlement by defining this term and differentiating it from other forms of settlement, such as an out-of-court settlement. The method of creation is described, the basic mandatory criteria are highlighted, and a comparison with the court verdict is made. The paper provides an overview of the possibility of court settlement in litigation and out of litigation, and its effect on litigation is explained. The segment of the court settlement was analysed as an enforceable document. A special emphasis is placed on the challenges and doubts in the application of the court settlement, which especially refer to the relevant ways of refuting it, which is an unavoidable topic in legal science debates. Also, a critical review of the positive legal regulation in the Republic of Croatia relevant to court settlement was provided, and a comparison was made with foreign legal systems. In addition, the paper contains interesting descriptions and criticisms of court rulings that suggest a certain approach in the practical part of the application. |
