Polymeric materials are increasingly being used in the production of slide bearings, which are massively used in the industry. They are mainly used due to production savings, but also other features such as the great elasticity and the endurance, the good chemical resistance, the corrosion resistance and many others. Polymers are composed of mers and their structure can be linear, branched, and cross-linked. According to their behavior at the increased temperature they are divided into duromers, plastomers, elastomers and elastoplastomers. Deformation states depending on the load are airfoiled, rubbery and glassy, and temperatures at which a state transition occurs are called glass transition temperature and pour point. Plastomers are important because they can be recycled and re-formed, and they are most used in the production. The most used plastomers are polyethylene, polyamide, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, poly(ethylene-tertftalate), and poly(oxymethylene). This paper presents characteristics and areas of the use of the most important polymers. The POM, for example, has good sliding characteristics, the abrasion and adhesion resistance, the chemical stability and also the dimensional stability. The PET has the high toughness, good sliding characteristics, the chemical resistance, the resistance to the acid, the dimensional stability, and as well the good electrical insulation. Polyamides have the high ability to absorb the moisture and are very firm. The PEEK is weak on the UV radiation, so it is reinforced with glass or carbon fibers. It is used in the medical industry. Its characteristics are chemical stability, resistance to gamma radiation, high toughness and low tendency to slide. The PVDF is highly resistant, extruded, chemically resistant, resistant to UV rays and has a large thermal expansion. The PEI has high mechanical strength and stiffness, slide resistance at big temperature differences, good chemical resistance, dimensional stability and it is a good electrical insulator. The PPSU and the PSU are firm and stabile at high temperature. The PPSU has the high solubility with the low moisture absorption, the durability on disinfectants, the slide resistance and good insulating possibilities. The PPS is firm at high temperatures, and is characterized with the chemical stability, the low water absorption, the dimensional stability and good insulating characteristics. Polymer sliding bearings differ from metal bearings, either by weight, lubrication requirements, mechanical and thermal characteristics. Creating a thin film of polymer on the surface contributes to better tribological characteristics. The target is to lower the friction as much as possible to reduce the energy consumption of the system. Fiber-reinforced composites with a polymer matrix are much more rigid and have a different effect on consumption which is depending on the fiber orientation. The lubrication serves to reduce the friction, shorter the running-in time and cooling, and to prolong the structure life. The slide bearing must be chemically stabile on the lubricant. Coatings are used on the surface as the protective layer that reduces the friction and ensures the durability of the shape. The mechanical calculation studies the surface pressure between the bearing and the shaft and with the thermal calculation we follow the conductive, convective and radiated heat transfer between the bearing and the shaft. The hydraulic calculation determines the air volume depending on the amount of the lubricant. Polymer sliding bearings are used in automotive industry, household appliance industry, shipbuilding industry, construction machinery, aerospace industries, hydroelectric turbine shaft bearings, and many other cases where their characteristics are acceptable.