The main goal of endodontic dental treatment is to remove the cause of the infection and create the preconditions for the healing of periapical tissues. The key to the success of the therapy is a mechanical treatment of the root canal system, which can be classified as manual and engine-driven instrumentation. Some of the advantages of engine-driven instrumentation refer to more predictable and simpler operating procedures, more adequate root canal shaping as well as smoother walls. The introduction of nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloys has reduced the number of iatrogenic errors due to the superelasticity property that allows following the direction of the root canal without exerting strong forces on the walls. Different thermomechanical methods of NiTi alloy processing have resulted in the development of advanced engine-driven instrumentation techniques. We classify them according to the type of motion they make within the canal. New instrumentation techniques that adapt to the anatomy of the endodontic space have sought to improve treatment efficacy and long-term therapy success. This paper presents the characteristics and results of the research conducted so far on three techniques of engine-driven instrumentation. Although they have numerous advantages, none of them overcome the difficulties that the clinical practitioners encounter in their daily work.