Antibiotics are a group of drugs used for treating infections caused by bacteria, and are the most prescribed drugs by dentists in addition to analgesics. The indications for prescribing them are strictly defined, but very often ignored. Taking the importance of the rational use of antibiotics lightly can result in antimicrobial resistance, as well as the absence of the drug effect when it is necessary the most. The purpose of this study was to compare the understanding of 3rd and 6th year students of the University of Zagreb – School of Dental Medicine and the Faculty of Dental Medicine at the University of Belgrade of the application of theoretical and clinical knowledge about antibiotics. The survey consisted of two parts: the first part included question about students´ general data (gender, year of study) and a self-assessment of their knowledge about antibiotics and readiness to prescribe them; the second part consisted of 28 questions divided into theoretical and practical and by difficulty into easy, moderately difficult and difficult questions. The survey was completely anonymous and voluntary. In total, 163 students participated in this survey: 120 from Zagreb and 43 from Belgrade. The collected data were processed by the method of descriptive and parametric and non-parametric statistics in the program Statistics. The results of this research can serve as a guideline for improving the education of future dentists in those areas that are immensely important for their clinical work.