Head and neck tumors often require a combination of surgical and radiation therapy. Radical tissue resections, in the area of the stomatognathic system, impair the functions of swallowing, chewing, as well as the facial aesthetics, which requires a complex implant-prosthetic rehabilitation. An additional challenge is presented by the side effects and risks that occur as a result of radiotherapy. In addition to a number of acute side effects, which make the endurance of the primary treatment difficult, in the context of implant therapy, chronic bone side effects are more significant, such as the most severe one – the osteoradionecrosis. In the last decade, the treatment and the rehabilitation of patients with head and neck cancer has advanced greatly. Today, the negative impact of radiotherapy is significantly reduced with a modern approach and technology. With the new guidelines, the implant therapy and a complete rehabilitation of the masticatory system is much more successful than before. Reconstruction of hard and soft tissues involves the use of free bone grafts, if necessary with a complete blood supply, muscles and skin, while dental implants play an important role in compensating for lost masticatory units. Such therapy is always challenging and requires a multidisciplinary approach of oncologists, specialists in oral and maxillofacial surgery, specialists in oral medicine and dental prosthetics, and psychiatrists, each of whom has an important role to play in patient's rehabilitation.