Doctors of Dental Medicine encounter with an increasing number of at – risk patients in their dental offices on a daily basis. From a dental point of view, at – risk patients are persons with various systemic diseases and disorders which represent a risk for the development of life – threatening conditions during or after the dental treatment. However, treating such patients according to the guidelines greatly reduces that risk, although it is always present. Patients with various forms of cardiovascular diseases are especially sensitive to the physical or emotional challenges that may be met during the dental treatment. Adequate preoperative preparation of hematologic patients significantly reduces the risk of bleeding during and after surgical procedures. Poorly controlled endocrine diseases represent a contraindication for the implementation of the dental treatment due to the increased risk of developing life – threatening conditions. Avoiding or reducing provoking factors to the lowest possible level is of great importance for patients suffering from asthma. Dose adjustment of most drugs in a dental practice is carried out in patients with advanced liver and kidney diseases. Oncology patients require continuous monitoring and dental care which makes the doctor of dental medicine an important member of the interdisciplinary team that participates in the treatment of oncology patients.