Guided bone regeneration is a well-established augmentation procedure, which can be performed using different membranes. The membrane is one of the key parts of the therapy. Both resorbable, as well as non-resorbable membranes are in use. The primary function of the membrane is to act as a barrier, i.e. to separate soft tissue cells from the space where the bone is going to regenerate. However, it has been proven that nutrients, which are essential for regeneration, are transferred through the membrane. Collagen membranes are most commonly used today. The purpose of new membranes is the biodegradation and bioactivity of membranes. It has been shown that collagen membranes interact better with soft tissues, enabling greater oxygen exchange, transit of micronutrients, blood perfusion, and favoring cell proliferation and differentiation. Negative features of collagen membranes are poor mechanical properties, i.e. membrane collapse and rapid biodegradation, therefore it is recommended to use autogenous or allogeneic grafts to support the membrane, as well as fixation pins. To improve collagen membranes, cross-linking technologies are developed, collagen of different origins is used, and biological signals, natural elements, growth factors, cells, synthetic bioactive materials and antibacterial agents are incorporated into the membranes. Today, the membrane is expected to actively contribute to the molecular processes of bone tissue regeneration through diffusion or transmembrane vascularization.