Endodontic therapy includes mechanical and chemical treatment of the root canal whereby pathologically altered tissue, microorganisms and other irritants are removed from the root canal. The last phase of endodontic treatment is obturation of the root canal with filling materials. Although there is a whole range of different materials available for root canal filling, bioactive materials with improved physical, mechanical and biological properties have recently appeared on the market. Mineral trioxide aggregate, Biodentine and bioceramics induce regeneration and reparation of hard tissue defects and aim to preserve tissue vitality. They do not cause inflammation in contact with vital tissue. They are alkaline and have a high antimicrobial effect. They form chemical bonds with the root canal dentinal walls and expand during the setting-time to ensure appropriate sealing of the root canal. The materials are hydrophilic and need moisture to harden. Bioactive material in endodontics is used for both direct and indirect pulp capping, repair of root perforations, open bifurcations, internal and external resorption and for orthograde filling of root canals. In endodontic surgery they are applied for retrograde root canal filling and in pediatric dentistry they are used for apexogenesis and apexification. Aside from endodontics, bioactive ceramics are used in maxillofacial and oral surgery, dental implantology and periodontology.