Oroantral fistula most commonly occurs as a result of oroantral communication following the extraction of maxillary premolars or molars due to their close anatomical relationship with the maxillary sinus. Other iatrogenic causes of oroantral fistula formation are possible due to complications during various dental procedures (cystectomy, improperly planned implant therapy). Additionally, oroantral fistula can result from non-iatrogenic causes related to dental etiology (untreated caries) and odontogenic cysts in the region. It can be said that dental practitioners encounter this complication relatively frequently in their daily work. Therefore, it is crucial to be aware of the causes of its development and to assess the time of onset, size, and potential consequences of untreated oroantral communication. Treatment should be planned according to an individualized approach to the patient, as it depends on numerous factors and does not have an ideal or straightforward solution. Treatment is directly related to the capabilities of the therapist, and it also depends on the patient's cooperation and age, as well as other circumstances (availability of materials, financial and logistical considerations, patient motivation) during medical interventions. Understanding all these factors is important to collectively achieve the optimal therapeutic goal.