The goal of the treatment in childhood is to slow the deterioration of a tooth structure, maintain the existing teeth in the jaw as long as possible, and to allow normal growth and the development of both jaws. Dental caries is an infectious disease caused by bacteria. There is a demineralization of crystals that make up the enamel and dentin due to bacterial metabolism which produce acid by-products. The advancement of technology and the development of science has led to a better understanding of the etiology, and has also changed the way of treatment of dental caries. To diagnose caries we use both traditional and modern methods, which allow the diagnosis of lesion in its early stage, when there is an initial lesion without formed cavities. The non-invasive methods include preventive procedures such as plaque control, the use of chlorhexidine, fissure sealing, oral antiseptics and artificial sweeteners. The remineralizing treatment of the initial caries lesions include the application of fluoride, amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), calcium sodium phosphosilicate bioactive glass, ozone and laser treatment. This method accelerates and enhances remineralization and thus stops or heals lesions. In the event that there is a cavity, lesions must be surgically treated by using the principles of minimally invasive dentistry. This way the healthy tissue is preserved and the diseased tissue is eliminated, while the defect is closed by adhesive materials bound to hard dental tissue.