The operating microscope has revolutionized the specialty of endodontics. It represents a quantum leap in the development of competence for endodontics and dentistry in general. The increased magnification and the coaxial illumination have enhanced the treatment possibilities in non-surgical and surgical endodontics. We can state that nowadays microscopes in endodontics represent what the discovery of X-ray radiations represented in dentistry more than 100 years ago. As today we cannot imagine a dental office without the X-ray machine, in the same way we can state that the day when dentistry is entirely and diffusely performed under the operating microscope is not far away. Traditional endodontics has been based on feel rather than sight. Together with radiographs and electronic apex locators this blind approach has produced surprising success. There is, however, a significant failure rate, especially in long-term. Magnification helps the user not only to see more, but to see well. High levels of magnification increase the aggregate amount of visual information available to endodontists for diagnosing and treating dental pathology. Initially resisted, there has been a recent surge of interest in microscope enhanced dentistry among endodontists. Dental operating microscopes are being used in all areas of dental practice, endodontics, surgical practice, periodontics and other, which show increased interest in the last 15 years. Despite their higher price tags, however, when the dental operating microscope is fully integrated into an endodontic practice and used to its fullest potential, a return on investment is improved ergonomics and zero defect endodontics.