Epilepsy is a group of diseases characterized by the repetition of a certain kind of seizure and a pathologically changed EEG. Statistical data show that about 50 million people around the world suffer from epilepsy (6 million of them in Europe), and 32 million of them are not being treated. A diagnosis of epilepsy is given on the basis of the taken case history, a clinical neurological examination and an EEG. Apart form these basic tests, some additional tests are also necessary, like Computer Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging. The most common therapy is the conservative one, conducted with various kinds of antiepileptics. Operative treatment is possible in cases which have developed a resistance to the common form of therapy. Dentists encounter patients who suffer from epilepsy in their day-to-day work. Most of these patients are being properly treated, so that an epileptic seizure is very unlikely to occur. Nevertheless, the risk is always there, especially due to numerous provoking factors involved in a dental intervention. This is why it is extremely important that a dentist should always be prepared for a possible seizure, be able to recognize it in time and provide adequate help to the patient. During any urgent medical condition in the dental office, including an epileptic seizure, the most important thing is to provide sufficient oxygen to the brain. This is achieved by ensuring that the respiratory tract is unblocked, through adequate breathing and blood circulation. It is recommended to call an ambulance and to be careful so as not to damage or worsen the patient's condition through our own actions.