Hormones are signaling molecules that facilitate communication between distant organs and tissues. They are necessary for normal growth and development as well as the maintenance of homeostasis. The human body is very sensitive to fluctuations in hormone concentration; subsequently, even a small change can have significant consequences. During their lifetime, women go through several periods with oscillations in hormone levels. Puberty, the menstrual cycle, use of oral contraceptives, pregnancy and menopause are all characterised by an increase and/or decrease in levels of female reproductive hormones, estrogen and progesterone, which causes many changes in the female body. Some of these changes affect the stomatognathic system and include increased sensitivity of the oral mucosa, changes in salivation, higher risk for development of caries and periodontal diseases, temporomandibular disorders and other problems that may reduce the quality of life. Most of these issues can be successfully prevented or treated. Therefore, it is a dentist´s responsibility to inform female patients of the possible consequences of hormonal changes regarding the oral cavity and to emphasize the importance of proper oral hygiene, frequent dental appointments and the reduction of stress in everyday life. Variations in hormone levels generally do not require any modifications or postponement of dental procedures with the exception of pregnancy. However, dentists must be cautious when prescribing medications due to potential drug interactions. The purpose of this paper is to raise awareness of the effect of hormonal changes on oral health and to explain the possible consequences they may have on the oral cavity.