The World Health Organization (WHO) defines dental caries as a locally manifested pathological process of exogenous origin, with progressive flow, irreversible nature and insufficiently clarified etiology (1). Caries is a disease of multifactorial etiology, which is why it's identification is a major problem for clinicians. Furthermore, the implementation of an effective, easily applicable model with the aim of accurately identifying patients with increased risk for caries is impossible, because of this multifactorial etiology. To assess the risk of caries occurring, it is necessary to take a detailed medical history that includes information on: dietary habits of the patient, oral hygiene and the intake of fluoridated preparations. It is clinically necessary to assess the degree of oral hygiene, saliva characteristics and the existence of carious lesions and carry out the available tests. Based on the data obtained, patients are classified into groups of minimal, medium and high risk for developing caries. For each group of assesed caries risk there is a protocol of preventative procedures, therapies and monitoring of the patient. The protocol determines the frequency and type of preparations used to prevent caries, the type of therapy and the number of check-ups in the period of one year. Timely identification of patients with high risk of developing caries and the implementation of enhanced preventive measures are of exceptional importance for the selection of appropriate therapeutic procedures and the success rate of the outcomes of the treatments.