Hypodontia or the congenital absence of teeth is one of the most prevalent craniofacial malformations in humans. The term hypodontia refers to the absence of six or fewer teeth. Oligodontia refers to the lack of at least six teeth while anodontia is defined as the absence of all teeth. The most recent (clinical) studies suggest that the aetiology of the previously described condition involves not only genetic regulation of tooth development, but also environmental factors. Although hypodontia is a common recognizable trait in conditions such as Down‘s Syndrome and ectodermal dysplasia, it can also occur as an isolated nonsydromic trait. The prevalence of hypodontia, which is much more common in permanent than in primary dentition, ranges from 3.5 to 6.5 % depending on the sex and ethnicity ( of the population studied). The most commonly missing teeth are the maxillary second premolars and mandibular lateral incisors. Other clinically relevant traits include microdontia, permanent teeth transposition, ectopic permanent teeth and infraocclusion of primary molars. The treatment options of this condition involve opening, space closure and redistribution of the missing tooth space. The procedures that follow are prosthetic and implantoprosthetic treatment, autogenuous tooth transplantation or the dental crown restoration of the tooth shifting into an empty space.