Salivary gland disorders may be specific, such as developmental anomalies, inflamed and reactive lesions, viral, systemic, immunologic and granulomatous diseases, and tumours. One of the most common signs of salivary gland disorders is a decreased production of saliva (xerostonia). Conversely, excessive drooling/salivation (siallorhea) may also occur as a sign of a disorder. The most common causes related to salivary gland disorders include: developmental anomalies, medication, infections, chemotherapy, high doses of radiation, psychiatric disorders, aging, etc. Patients suffering from salivary gland disorders often complain about a subjective feeling of dryness in the mouth, swollen glands, or occurrence of tumours, and thickening of the gland. The process of determining which disease or condition explains patients’ symptoms and signs (i.e. the medical diagnosis) is based upon medical records, medical examination, medical imaging, and biopsy results. Once a diagnostic opinion has been readied, a healthcare professional is able to propose treatment. Treatment can be preventive, symptomatic or surgical.