Non-carious lesions are defined as a loss of dental hard tissue that is not associated with caries. This group of pathological conditions includes abrasion, attrition, erosion and abfraction. Prevalence of this type of tooth lesions is high and constantly increasing, with ageing population and life habits related to modern lifestyle as contributing factors. Common characteristics of all non-carious lesions are their incoherence with caries, emergence in plaque-free areas and their often-multifactorial etiology. Early diagnostics is the key for determining the right preventive and therapeutic procedures, although it is often demanding due to intertwining of the causal factors. Detailed anamnesis, knowledge about etiological causes and their identification in patients combined with clinical findings are the optimal path to correct diagnosis. Interactions between different mechanisms of tooth wear are probable and common. Their synergistic effect can lead to extensive and rapid loss of hard dental tissues. Increase of non-carious lesion incidence indicates the importance of effective prevention, including the education of patients about proper nutrition and performing oral hygiene as well as topical application of fluorides. Therapeutic procedures used for the purpose of eliminating the pain caused by dentine hypersensitivity, protecting and improving the aesthetics of the rest of tooth structure include desensitization, restoration with composite materials or glass ionomer cement and prosthetic rehabilitation with ceramic substitutes.