The use of medications in dental clinical practice is common, due to frequent odontogenic infections, toothache and many other conditions that require medical treatment. The most frequently used medications are antibiotics, followed by antifungals, analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs, benzodiazepine and topical corticosteroids. Uncritical and inappropriate use of any drug may result in multiple complications at a local and/or systemic level, such as drug resistance or drug interactions. The objective of this study was to show the use of the drugs prescribed by dental practitioners in the Republic of Croatia in the period from 2014 to 2017. Data presented in this study were obtained from the reports on the use of prescribed drugs available in the Croatian Health Insurance Institute, the national insurance company. The results demonstrated that antibiotics were the most frequently prescribed drugs by dentists. Penicillin was the most commonly prescribed class of antibiotics, especially amoxicillin with clavulanic acid. Lincosamides were also broadly used antibiotics in dental medicine, especially clindamycin, followed by cephalosporines and metronidazole. Broad-spectrum antibiotics have been used more frequently than narrow-spectrum ones, which ultimately leads to the increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Other most commonly prescribed drugs were anti-infammatory drugs, especially the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ibuprofen. The results also showed a small increase in prescribing corticosteroids, both for local and systemic use, as well as the increase in antifungals and antiviral medical treatments. The results of the study indicate that there was an increase in consuming the drugs prescribed by dentists in the period from 2014 to 2017. Antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs were the most frequently prescribed medications. These findings also suggest that there is a need to provide additional education on rational use of drugs in dental practice.