One of the numerous factors in the etiopathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) is psychological stress, the influence of which is unknown and under-researched. According to current knowledge, AD patients have a disturbance in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis with a changed cortisol response to stress associated with the worsening of the disease. The study included 84 subjects with AD: 42 subjects with symptoms of AD (symptomatic) and 42 subjects in remission (asymptomatic). A sample of saliva was taken from each subject to estimate the cortisol level, and each subject filled out a psychological questionnaire to assess their perception of stress, quality of life and personality traits. Symptomatic subjects were assigned an AD severity scoring (SCORAD index), and a second parameter evaluation was performed after two months of prospective monitoring. Lower salivary cortisol was observed more frequently in symptomatic AD than in the asymptomatic form [low power effect (p = 0.011; r = 0.276)], and these values were not dependent on SCORAD and perceived stress level (PSS). Recorded SCORAD values strongly correlated with the dermatological quality of life index (DLQI) (r = 0.551, p <0.001). In patients with severe AD (SCORAD> 50), significantly lower salivary cortisol was found than in those with moderate and mild AD [moderate effect power (p = 0.042; r = 0.313)]. The Perceived Stress Level (PSS) was not dependent on SCORAD but correlated with the following: perceived effect of the disease on emotional states (IPQ 8) (r = 0.397; p <0.001); the quality of life dimensions WHOQOL BREF [physical and psychological health, interpersonal interactions and the social environment (R = -0.398 - (- 0.483), p <0.001)]; and personality traits, especially connected with anxiety and depression (r = 0.633 and 0.605, p <0.001) which positively correlated with PSS] . Further research is needed on the effect of psychological stress on AD, with the aim of improving the quality of life of patients and developing new therapeutic possibilities.