Reproducing the position, direction, and depth of an implant as planned at the diagnostic stage is the biggest challenge for a dentist and it is precisely the incorrect placement of implants that is one of the most common complications of therapy. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the existing literature written on the subject of advantages and disadvantages of computer-guided implant therapy and to determine the limitations and clinical applicability of such therapy. The development of the surgical guide concept is presented, from conventional surgical templates to computer-designed and manufactured surgical guides. In accordance with the development progress of surgical guides, the development of computed tomography and interactive software, which enables the processing of data necessary for planning and implementation of therapy, is described. The greatest attention was given to the advantages and disadvantages of certain computer-guided implantation techniques. After reviewing the literature it is concluded that there are no statistically significant differences between the results of conventional and computer-guided implant therapy. Nevertheless, properly indicated computer-guided implant placement brings some benefits and provides the clinician with a safe and predictable outcome of therapy.