The increasing use of dental implants in oral rehabilitation makes bone augmentation procedures necessary and more frequent in everyday practice. Bone augmentation is a procedure which is performed when the current bone mass of the jaw is not sufficient to successfully incorporate dental implants. The augmentation of the bone volume is performed using different methods, including the use of growth factors, differentiation factors and bone grafts or substitutes (autograft, allograft, xenograft and alloplasts). Although autologous bone graft is still the “gold standard” in regenerative surgery, researchers have been attempting for decades to find a bone substitute material which can be used instead of autologous bone grafts and which would have a better therapeutic effect. The advances in emerging technologies lead to the development of biomaterials, which can enhance bone augmentation procedure when they are used in combination with replacement materials or bioactive components. Hyaluronic acid, as such a biomaterial, is ubiquitous in regenerative procedures due to its biocompatibility, nontoxicity, and biodegradability. It is a biomolecule widely distributed in the human body and a critical component of the extracellular matrix. Although numerous studies have confirmed its promising effect in bone augmentation procedures, this area requires further research in the future. The purpose of this thesis is to define the biological basis of hyaluronic acid and to explain its role in bone augmentation.