Although the incidence of caries has declined over the past decades, caries still remains a public health problem in the socioeconomically underdeveloped countries. This is the most common chronic non-infectious disease whose factors can be affected in many ways, so the goal of modern dentistry is based on prevention and interceptive therapeutic methods. Caries is a multifactorial disease caused by an imbalance in the dynamics of demineralization and remineralization process through time by the mediation of biofilm. The initial carious lesion is not cavitated but is manifested by the altered enamel transparency. It represents a quantitative loss of minerals and after drying the enamel surface, it is visible as a white spot. After detecting the initial carious lesion, which is supported by many modern diagnostic methods, the remineralization of the same is approached in order to stop its progression. Remineralization is a process of regeneration of crystals flawed by demineralization, during which the carious lesion is inactivated, the surface of the tooth enamel becomes strengthened and more resilient to future cariogenic attacks. Remineralization agents are based on the release of ions which can be incorporated among the flawed crystals, or on stimulation of natural remineralization mechanisms by promoting salivation, reducing the number of microorganisms, etc. The most widely used remineralization agents are products with fluoride, products based on calcium and phosphate ions, hydroxyapatite, and the possibility of biomimetic remineralization has also been taken into consideration lately. Primarily, the research focuses on their application in the form of oral hygiene products at home or in a dental practice. The potential has also been found in the application of restorative materials in order to reduce the risk of secondary caries in lesions that have already been surgically restored.