Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has become an indispensable part of dental radiology and has found use in all fields of dentistry. This reasearch paper provides an overview of the use of CBCT in dental medicine, putting the emphasis on pedodoncy, the latest guidance, the exposure factors and the main advantages and disadvantages. Numerous advantages of CBCT surpass those of conventional 2D radiology where the radiation dose is generally higher. CBCT can be used in children's dental medicine when it is necessary to have an insight into the accurate three – dimensional representation of maxillofacial skeleton. Due to high radiosensitivity of children, its use is limited to several indications: impacted tooth, internal or external root resorption, anatomical variations, temporomandibular joint pathology, orthognathic surgery, cleft lip, cleft palate and congenital anomalies and syndroms. The use of CBCT is possible in other cases but considering the guiding principle of ALARA, 2D radiography is still the basic imaging method in dentistry and CBCT should be used in more demanding cases when conventional dental radiography is not sufficient.