Thethesisintroducestheimportanceofforestryasanactivitywithan emphasis on the impact of wood extraction on the occurrence of occupational diseases among production workers. In accordance with the above, the main goal of the research is related to the analysis and synthesis of negative health impacts, incidence rates, and current scientific knowledge and results related to traditional and modern occupational diseases in operational forestry. The combined approach of literature review and secondary data collection was applied to analyze the occurrence of occupational diseases in the period from 2014 to 2019 at the level of the Republic of Croatia, the main activity A and the forestry sector. Within the results, the impact of traditional occupational diseases (vibration, noise andlumbosacral syndrome) on the worker asa result of manual-machine work and the impact of modern occupational diseases (musculoskeletal injuries due to repetitive cyclic hand movements, computer vision syndrome and psychological stress) on the worker as results of fully mechanized work in operational forestry. As part of the discussion and conclusions, as the key to further improvement of the safety management system in theCroatian forestrysector, theintroduction andimprovement ofthe safety culture at the workplace through specialized and cyclical worker education programs with the aim of improving work techniques, work dynamics, etc. is emphasized.