In this master thesis, the figure and the work of two pedagogues Maria Montessori and Janusz Korczak is being presented to a reader, together with the comparasion of their pedagogical concepts and views on a child. Both of them lived and acted at the end of the 19th and early 20th century, defying the norms of society and education at the time and opposing conventional schools and traditional upbringing, in the center of which was a teacher or an adult. They were emphasizing the importance of the child, his or hers needs and their main rights. They were considered as connoisseurs of pedagogical ideas which are being used today. Though their basic ideas were apparently very similar, some aspects of their pedagogy thoughts differed. The Montessori's concept of education seeks to prepare child for the future, while Korczak, in his works, emphasized the importance of the present moment and the present day. There are also differences in the attitudes towards the child as a complete person. Montessori claims that the child differs from the adult, together with his goodness and innocence, while Korczak argues that the child is born as a complete person, together with the thoughts and feelings that do not necessarily have to be good. Regardless of difference in their opinions, the starting point of the both pedagogues is the same – child in the ceneter of the educational process. Both have left a great mark in the history and their ideas still live through the teachers who have recognized their value and importance.