The influence of pets on children of early and preschool age All animals which people accept into their homes so they could accompany them in their lives are defined as pets. Based on that matter, this paper contains a brief historical preview of humans’ and their pets’ coexistence which has, according to the theory of biophilia, developed a whole culture of ownership over pets. This paper elaborates mutual relations of pets and their owners, from early to old age. The paper also highlights what is required to be mindful of before acquiring a pet, so that inadequate treatment of animals can be prevented, which is also exemplified. A breakdown of responsibilities, according to the child’s age group, was also listed. The significant influence of pets onto children is agreed upon within the scientific community. By theoretical oversight this paper shows the influences of pets on the development of children of young and preschool age, while also elaborating the correlation of their attachment to animals. The focus of this paper are preschool children, therefore a set of recommendations on how to prepare for an animal visit was listed. Furthermore, it is described how to break down certain animal and pet thematic into the educational process and child’s upbringing, where the basis promotes sustainable development. Along with that, a brief list of game ideas and activities about animals is suggested. In conclusion, so called, healing role of animals was pointed out, which briefly describes the contribution of therapeutic, rehabilitating and service animals in the life of children with certain educational difficulties.