| Sažetak | U današnje vrijeme sve je veći broj djece koja tijekom djetinjstva razviju neki oblik smetnje i poremećaja u prehrani. Uz genetske predispozicije, razvoj poremećaja ovisi i o djetetovoj okolini, odnosno roditeljevom stilu hranjenja djeteta. Mnogi roditelji nisu svjesni da određene metode koje koriste pri hranjenju, poput prisilnog hranjenja, nisu efikasne. Zbog toga i ovaj čimbenik uvjetuje razvoj teškoća kod hranjenja djeteta, koje na kraju vode razvoju poremećaja. Cilj ovog rada je dati pregled poremećaja koji se mogu javiti u ranom djetinjstvu, objasniti moguće uzroke nastanka, prevenciju poremećaja i metode liječenja istih. Najučestaliji poremećaji koji će biti objašnjeni su pretilost, pothranjenost, dijabetes, odbijanje hrane, pika poremećaj te anoreksija nervoza koja nije specifična za predškolsku dob, ali se simptomi te ozbiljne bolesti mogu početi razvijati već u toj dobi. Uz navedene, bit će opisani još i akutni poremećaji pod koje se ubrajaju akutni proljev, povraćanje i dehidracija kao posljedica ta dva poremećaja. Jako je važno kontinuirano pratiti rast i razvoj djeteta još od najranije dobi te na vrijeme reagirati na svaki simptom koji upućuje na teškoće vezane uz njegovu prehranu, kako bi spriječili razvoj nekog težeg poremećaja. Uz roditelje, u tome najvažniju ulogu imaju i odgojitelji te naravno liječnici koji će roditeljima dati savjete za prevenciju poremećaja i način hranjenja djeteta te će postaviti dijagnozu i odrediti metodu liječenja ukoliko se poremećaj već razvio. Uz teorijski dio, provedeno je i istraživanje o samoprocjeni znanja i kompetencija odgojitelja o poremećajima prehrane kod djece predškolske dobi. Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 108 ispitanika u obliku anketnog upitnika. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da odgojitelji ne poznaju dovoljno tematiku poremećaja prehrane kod djece te da je na studije za rani i predškolski odgoj i obrazovanje potrebno uvesti dodatne kolegije koji se bave poremećajima prehrane kod djece predškolske dobi, kao i češće provođenje edukacija za odgojitelje. |
| Sažetak (engleski) | Nowadays, a growing number of children develop some form of eating disorder during their childhood. Alongside genetic predispositions, the development of a disorder also depends on the child’s environment, that is, the parent’s style of feeding. A lot of parents are not aware that certain methods of feeding, such as forceful feeding, are not effective. This factor, therefore, also plays a role in effecting the development of difficulties in feeding, which in turn lead to the development of eating disorders. The goal of this study is to offer an overview of disorders that can arise in early childhood, and explain their possible causes, preventions, and methods of treatment. The most common disorders that will be analyzed include obesity, malnutrition, diabetes, food refusal, pica disorder, and anorexia nervosa, the latter being uncharacteristic for preschool age, however, the symptoms of which can start developing already at that age. Alongside these, we will describe acute disorders such as acute diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration, which results from the two. It is extremely important to continuously monitor a child’s growth and development from the earliest age, and to react on time on any sign of a symptom pointing to the difficulties related to their nutrition, in order to prevent the development of a more serious disorder. Alongside parents, the most important roles to that effect are performed by preschool teachers and, naturally, physicians, who will offer parents the advice concerning the prevention of disorders and ways of feeding, make a diagnosis and determine the method of treatment if a disorder has already developed. Alongside the theoretical part, a study is included about preschool teachers’ knowledge and competence self-assessment concerning eating disorders in early school children. The study was carried out on the sample of 108 participants in the form of a questionnaire. The results of the study indicate that preschool teachers are insufficiently familiarized with the subject of eating disorders in children, and that early and preschool education departments need to introduce additional courses dealing with eating disorders in preschool children, in addition to more frequent preschool teacher education events. |
