Starting from the point of view that music is very important in a human life, i.e. the life and development of a child, the aim of this work is to present the existing knowledge about the assessment of musical abilities of preschool children. In order to better understand the phenomenon of musical abilities, the paper specifically describes their development and benefits of their development. Given the specifics of the development of children of early childhood age, the assessment of musical abilities in this period should first of all be in accordance with the child's developmental age. Looking at this phenomenon in the context of preschool, the role of educators in this particularly sensitive period stands out. Given that psychology has a very important role in the process of evaluating the child's musical abilities, the work also elaborates the psychological context of the assessment. The development of tests of musical abilities is described and existing tests of musical abilities, types of tests and their characteristics are presented. Specially notable are Edwin Gordon's Elementary Hearing Tests - as an indispensable measuring instrument for early, valid, reliable and objective assessment of the musical abilities of early childhood children.