Language is a communication system that is used for mutual communication and exchange of content, and speech is a means that enables the transmission of linguistic information. A child is born with the ability to master any language, or a greater number of language codes, and the language development of an individual, in a broader sense, lasts a lifetime. Language development is influenced by various factors, both biological and environmental. The child's communication with the environment begins already in the mother's womb when the child responds to a sound stimulus with movement. The development of speech in children of early and preschool age is a process that indicates certain developmental patterns that appear in certain periods and predictions. However, the child is certainly unique and follows his own developmental path. Language development is influenced by many biological and environmental factors, and one of the environmental factors is socioeconomic status. Socioeconomic status is often defined using parental education, occupation and income, and is related to the child's language development. Research indicates that the quality of language experiences affects language development, and the quality of language experiences is affected by socioeconomic status. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to provide a detailed insight into the relationship between the socioeconomic status of the family in which the child grows up and his language development, and this was done by reviewing domestic and foreign research on the topic of socioeconomic status and language development of the child.