This paper examines the philosophical contributions of the Frankfurt School and their significant influence on education and modern thought. This text offers a thorough examination of the foundational theories articulated by prominent individuals such as Max Horkheimer, Theodor Adorno, Herbert Marcuse, and Erich Fromm. The study is focused on critical theory that provides a comprehensive analysis of contemporary society and its institutions. The text thoroughly examines key themes such as the critique of Enlightenment rationalism, the culture industry, authority and family relationships, and negative dialectics. Furthermore, this analysis examines the influence of the Frankfurt School on educational conceptions, especially in the areas of emancipatory education and critical pedagogy. These educational methodologies prioritize the cultivation of critical thinking, social justice and democratic participation among students. The historical background of the Frankfurt School is outlined, emphasizing its establishment at a time of significant social and political turmoil. The subsequent expulsion and subsequent rebuilding of the School is examined, demonstrating its ability to recover and adapt. This text examines the institutional impact of the Frankfurt School, including its impact on multidisciplinary research and public policy. This paper highlights the enduring significance of the Frankfurt School, highlighting how its critical views continue to shape and motivate today's academic research and social activity. The thesis concludes with an examination of the potential applications of Frankfurt School theories in contemporary educational institutions, such as critical digital literacy, culturally sensitive pedagogy, social-emotional learning and environmental education. The paper illustrates the continuing importance of the critical theory of the Frankfurt School in dealing with today's social problems and advancing the liberation of humanity. The need to include ideals in educational practices and social institutions is emphasized in order to promote a fairer and more equal society.