The topic of this thesis is the impact of material working conditions on the quality of physical and health education in primary schools. Special emphasis is placed on the differences between schools in urban areas, which often have better conditions, and those in rural areas, where material resources are limited. The thesis analyzes key aspects of physical and health education, including the importance of early physical activity, the adaptation of teaching content to the developmental age of students, and the influence of socioeconomic factors on the health and physical development of children. The role of additional activities, such as classroom competitions, winter camps, and summer camps, is also considered, as these represent extremely valuable opportunities for students from schools with poor material conditions to gain new experiences and broaden their horizons. These activities help to overcome the shortcomings of everyday school environments, encouraging students to develop confidence, social skills, and healthy lifestyle habits. Through the analysis of relevant literature and curricular requirements, the paper highlights the importance of modernizing school infrastructure and the continuous education of teachers to ensure equal access to quality physical and health education for all students. Special emphasis is placed on the need to improve working conditions in schools in rural areas, where the lack of basic resources can negatively affect students' motivation and health outcomes. The conclusion emphasizes that, despite the challenges, creative approaches and additional activities can significantly contribute to the quality of teaching and the overall development of students and provides guidelines for further research and practical recommendations for improving material conditions in schools.