This paper is based on the study of the relationship between school grades and pupils’ motivation. The theoretical part of the paper lies in the docimology and psychology of teaching and education. The basic terminology that is defined in the paper is: motivation, docimology, school grade and assessment. The purpose of the paper is to find out pupils’ relation to school grades and to analyse pupils’ motivation to learn. By which is gained experience and knowledge that can be used for upgrading profession. The aim of the study was to find out whether there is a relationship between school grades and pupils’ motivation and to investigate pupils’ opinions about school grades and assessment. Participants of this study where third and fourth grade pupils of primary school (N=166). The data was collected by questionnaire that was created for the purpose of this study and that was based on motivation theories. The data was analysed by factor analysis. The results of the study provided interesting findings about pupils’ attitude about assessment and motivation that can be used for profession improving. Pupils’ attitudes were compared regarding gender, school, class and overall success. Also the purpose of this study was to find out why pupils learn in school. The results showed that pupils learn in school because they want to learn as much as they can and because of the future profession. Although pupils’ answers showed that they don’t learned in school because of the grades, they showed that school grade is very important to them.