INTRODUCTION Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the world. There are even more than 200 different types of this virus, 40 of which cause infections of the genital area. It is very wide spread in sexually active people, and almost all sexually active people will be infected with the virus at some point in their lives, often with several types at the same time, and usually without symptoms. The emphasis is on the importance of responsible sexual behavior, timely education and vaccination, and primary ands econdary prevention as small but safe steps on the long way to reducing HPV infection. AIM To examine the knowledge of students of the Catholic University of Croatia about epidemiology, transmission and the possibilities of prevention of HPV infection. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on students of the Catholic University of Croatia in Zagreb. The survey was conducted during April, May and June 2023 using the Lime Survey online survey. The random sample consisted of a total of 221 students. The students participated in the research through a link that the Student Service o fthe University forwarded to the email addresses of students of all studies. The anonymous questionnaire consisted of socio-demographic questions, questions about sexuality and questions examining knowledge about HPV. RESULTS In the conducted research, it has been proven that there is a statistically significant difference in the knowledge of nursing and medical students compared to students from other studies at the Catholic University of Croatia, where it was found that nursing and medical students have better knowledge about HPV infection compared to other students. Furthermore, it has been proven that there is a statistically significant difference in knowledge between female and male students, with female students showing better knowledge compared to male students at the Catholic University of Croatia. Additionally, it has been proven that there is a statistically significant difference in the knowledge of students aged 25 and older in comparison to students younger than 25, indicating that older students have more knowledge about HPV infection. CONCLUSION This research, as the first research conducted on HPV at the Catholic University of Croatia, provides a clearer insight into the knowledge and awareness of students, both future health professionals and other university students, about this public health problem.