In this thesis, the author analyzes the work, activities and reflections of the German philosopher Hannah Arendt based on her written works and relevant domestic and foreign literature. In order to get the best possible insight into her work and course of action, the author first looks at Arendt's life, education and activities in terms of political, historical and philosophical topics. Thesis presents politics by following its development within the Greek polis and then analyzes the thoughts that Arendt presents in her works, especially those related to the public and private sphere, pluralism, the three basic human activities (work, production, action) and democracy and sense of politics. The next topic addressed by the author is the issue of totalitarianism, its emergence and implementation in practice during the 20th century through Arendt's thoughts presented in her works. With special emphasis on two regimes: communism and nazism. In addition to the above, the roots of the totalitarian regime are analyzed, as well as the origin of the totalitarian ideas of Joseph Stalin and Adolf Hitler and the importance of certain factors such as the masses and terror. In conclusion, the paper draws parallels with modern times and problematised the phenomenon of political apathy, which is linked to totalitarian regimes and certain problems within contemporary society.