Cervical cancer is a malignant disease in which there is a change in the cells of the cervix and they begin to grow uncontrollably. In a number of women, altered cells (pre-stages of cancer) can develop into cancer. This disease is most often the result of a sexually transmitted human papilloma virus infection. In the preclinical phase, women usually have no symptoms, while in the unknown phase of the disease they are most often accompanied by irregular bleeding, bleeding between two menstrual cycles, bleeding after intercourse, unusual discharge and pain in the lower abdomen. The diagnosis of the disease is made on the basis of gynecological examination, cytological findings (Pap test), colposcopy, biopsy and pathohistological diagnosis after conization. Recognizing the magnitude of the public health problem, the benefits of organized screening and the fact that cervical cancer in almost 90% of cases causes disease if all known and scientifically based methods of prevention and treatment are applied, the Government of the Republic of Croatia adopted the National Early Detection Program cervical cancer. The aim of this paper was to review the available literature to describe the factors influencing the occurrence of cervical cancer, risk population and preventive measures to prevent and early detection and treatment of cancer, with emphasis on health care and defining nursing problems and interventions. Also, the aim of the paper is to describe the organization of the implementation of the National Program for Early Detection of Cervical Cancer implemented at the county level, the success of the implementation in the past period and the role of the nurse. The methods used during the preparation of the paper were reviewed content from professional books, manuals and other professional and scientific publications. The available literature in professional and scientific databases (PubMed, Scholar, Hrčak) published in Croatian and English for the public in the period from 2000 to 2020 was also reviewed.