| Sažetak | U diplomskom radu obrađena je tematika karotidne bolesti i ishemijskog moždanog udara, tj. njihove povezanosti. Karotidna bolest uključuje stenotičke lezije na karotidnoj bifurkaciji i/ili unutarnjoj karotidnoj arteriji u bolesnika bez znakova cerebralne ishemije. To je dugotrajan, prikriven proces koji se razvija godinama prije nego što se pojave bilo kakvi klinički simptomi. Najrašireniji i najznačajniji uzrok bolesti kardiovaskularnog sustava je ateroskleroza. Aterom ili fibrolipidni plak koji se nakuplja u arterijama dovodi do nastanka ateroskleroze. Te naslage sastoje se od kolesterola, masnih tvari, staničnih otpadnih proizvoda, kalcija i fibrina. Ateroskleroza je najvažniji tip arterioskleroze. Arterioskleroza znači otvrdnuće (skleroza) arterija. Kako se plak nakuplja, stijenka krvne žile se zadeblja, sužava se lumen arterije i posljedično smanjuje protok krvi. To smanjuje količinu kisika i drugih hranjivih tvari koje dopiru do tkiva. Mjesto nastanka plaka i vrsta zahvaćene arterije razlikuje se od osobe do osobe. Plak može djelomično ili potpuno blokirati protok krvi kroz velike ili srednje velike arterije u srcu, mozgu, zdjelici, nogama, rukama ili bubrezima. Moždani udar je ozbiljno zdravstveno stanje opasno po život koje se događa kada se prekine dotok krvi u dio mozga. Prema mehanizmu nastanka razlikujemo ishemijski i hemoragijski moždani udar. Ishemijski moždani udar je češći tip. Obično je uzrokovan krvnim ugruškom koji blokira ili začepi krvnu žilu u mozgu. To sprječava protok krvi i za nekoliko minuta moždane stanice budu trajno oštećene. Drugi uzrok je stenoza ili suženje arterije koja nastaje zbog ateroskleroze, bolesti u kojoj se plak nakuplja unutar arterija. Stoga, predmet i cilj rada su istražiti, analizirati i prikazati povezanost karotidne bolesti i moždanog udara na prikazu slučaja |
| Sažetak (engleski) | The subject of carotid disease and ischemic stroke, i.e., their connection, was discussed in the final thesis. Carotid disease involves stenotic lesions at the carotid bifurcation and/or internal carotid artery in patients without signs of cerebral ischemia. It is a long-term, insidious process that develops years before any clinical symptoms appear. The most widespread and significant cause of diseases of the cardiovascular system is atherosclerosis. Plaque (fatty deposits) that build up in your arteries is called atherosclerosis. These deposits consist of cholesterol, fatty substances, cellular waste products, calcium, and fibrin. Atherosclerosis is a type of arteriosclerosis. Arteriosclerosis means the hardening (sclerosis) of the arteries. As plaque builds up, the blood vessel wall thickens. This narrows the channel inside the artery, reducing blood flow. This reduces the amount of oxygen and other nutrients reaching the body. Where plaque develops and the type of artery affected varies from person to person. Plaque can partially or completely block blood flow through large or medium-sized arteries in the heart, brain, pelvis, legs, arms, or kidneys. This can lead to a stroke. A stroke is a serious, life-threatening medical condition that occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted. There are two types ischemic and hemorrhagic. Ischemic stroke is the more common type. It is usually caused by a blood clot that blocks or clogs a blood vessel in the brain. This prevents blood flow to the brain. Within minutes, brain cells begin to die. Another cause is stenosis, or narrowing of the artery. This can happen because of atherosclerosis, a disease in which plaque builds up inside your arteries. Therefore, the subject and aim of the paper are to investigate, analyze, and present the connection between carotid disease and stroke in a case report. |
