The respiratory system is constantly exposed to spores of fungi present in the environment, and studies have shown that viable fungi are present at high rates in sinonasal mucus and bronchial sputum, even in healthy individuals. Fungal infections of the respiratory system are important causes of morbidity and mortality, especially in immunocompromised patients. There is a wide range of pathogens that cause respiratory infections. Fungal pathogens make up only a small percentage of community-acquired pneumonias and nosocomial infections. When fungal lung infections do occur, they can be caused by endemic or opportunistic fungi. The most common fungi that cause fungal infections of the respiratory system are Candida spp., Aspergillus spp., Cryptococcus neoformans, and Pneumocystis jirovecii. In most cases, Aspergillus is entered into the lower respiratory tract by inhalation of infectious spores. Less commonly, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) can begin in places other than the lungs, such as the sinuses, gastrointestinal tract, or skin (via intravenous catheters, prolonged skin contact with adhesive tapes, or burns). A case report of a patient with idiopathic aplastic anemia treated with erythrocyte and platelet transfusions with ciclosporin, confirmed the literature that invasive pulmonary aspergillosis mainly develops in immucompromised patients and those on long-term ciclosporid and corticosteroid therapy. The care and nursing of patients with fungal infections of the respiratory system requires a multidisciplinary approach of multiple profiles of medical staff where pulmonologists, intensivists, radiologists, microbiologists, physiotherapists are involved. The nurse is an extremely important and indispensable member of the multidisciplinary team, and health care is an autonomous area of its activity.