Running belongs to cyclic monostructural sports activities. The trend of running has increased the number of runners in the last ten years (especially last two years) and in parallel the number of running injuries. Under the laws of the locomotor system, running is like walking but with one key difference. Although a person can walk, this does not mean that the person has the ability to run. Running requires more balance, wider range of joint movement and more strength. In all overexertion syndromes, etiology is a repeated trauma that goes beyond the ability to regenerate tissues. Internal risk factors for the onset of overexertion syndrome are Q angle, genu varum and valgum, pronation, menstrual cycle and leg lengths. External factors are errors in training, inadequate footwear and terrain. The paper describes five most common overexertion syndromes: patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS), Achilles tendinosis, iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS), plantar fasciitis and shin splints. Patellofemoral pain syndrome is a term used for pain in the patellofemoral joint or adjacent soft tissue. Unlike in patellofemoral pain syndrome, where pain occurs in the front of the knee and around the kneecap (patella), in iliotibial band syndrome pain appears on the outer part of the knee (laterally). Approximately 20% of all racing injuries belong to patellofemoral pain syndrome. Pain along the shin bone (tibia) is known as shin splits in the American literature. In the medical literature it is known as medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS). Most often it appears in runners and walkers, but also in some other professions like dancers, jumpers and soldiers. Shin splits are represented by 10-16 % of all racing injuries. Plantar fasciitis is classified as a syndrome formed after recurrent trauma to the plantar fascia. Its origin is located on the calcaneus (heel bone).