Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue. This condition leads to increased bone fragility and a consequent increase in the risk of fractures. Osteoporosis is characterized by a bone mineral density of at least 2,5 standard deviations (SD) less than the average fo a young, healthy woman. Loss of bone density occurs gradually following the aging process. Early osteoporosis is most often unrecognized, i.e. it is asymptomatic and it is presence is noticed only after a fracture. The most common fractures caused by osteoporosis are fractures of the hip, vertebrae and forearm. Osteoporosis is divided into localized and generalized forms. The most common type of osteoporosis is related to the menopause period in women, hence the name postmenopausal osteoporosis. The etiology of osteoporosis largely depends on the bone remodeling process. Bone loss can be influenced by hormonal and enviromental factors, as well as genetics and other diseases. Pathogenetic mechanisms of osteoporosis can be summed up in three major units, namely: a) occurrence of osteoporosis due to inadequate acquisition of bone mass during skeletal growth and development, b) occurrence due to excessive bone breakdown and c) occurrence due to insufficient bone formation in the remodeling process. The key symptom of osteoporosis is back pain, localized along the entire spine and of a diffuse character. In addition to pain, the center gravity changes, the height decreases, the posture becomes stooped, etc. When establishing a diagnosis, anamnesis, medical history and a detailed physical examination with a bone density test or densitometry play the most important role. The goals of the medical treatment are the establishmnet of a balance between the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts and an increase in bone mineral density with a consequent reduction in the risk of fractures. Prevention of osteoporosis should start in childhood. Regular physical activity and proper nutrition are recommended. In rehabilitation, it is important to maintain a functional or full range of motion in the joints, adequate muscle strength, pain tolerance and ensure load tolerance. Physiotherapy evaluation includes taking an anamnesis, observation, palpation and measurement and testing procedures that confrim impairmnets and limitations of the individuals function. The most commonly used physiotherapy interventions are physical factors (cryotherapy, laser therapy, magnetotherapy, hydrotherapy), therapeutic exercise, whole-body vibration therapy (WBV) and patient education.