Pain is the fifth vital sign and has an important protective role for the organism, to warn that pathological processes will occur or have already occurred that lead to organ or organism damage. Despite the benefit of pain, which warns the body of damage, it can be disturbing and exhausting for the patient because it reduces the quality of life. Pain is divided according to its duration into acute and chronic pain and according to the pathohistological mechanism of the pain stimulus into nociceptor somatic and visceral pain, neuropathic and psychogenic pain. A good assessment of pain plays a very important role in its effective suppression. Its assessment is based on the patient's own experience, which is marked on pain scales, therefore it cannot be objectified. Pain scales are instruments used to assess pain and facilitate the understanding of the patient's pain, as well as its effective treatment. Pain treatment is achieved with pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods. However, the best way is a multimodal approach combining different types of pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures. The aim of this thesis is to show the types of pain, the necessary knowledge that a master of nursing must have about pain scales in order to effectively assess the type and level of pain, and knowledge of effective ways of treating pain, which lead to its alleviation or complete disappearance. Likewise, analyses of various studies on the effectiveness of pain treatment with various pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods will be presented.