Caries is one of the most common dental problems faced by people all over the world. It especially affects children in the lower grades, whose permanent dentition is still developing and thus become exposed to the risk of caries. Caries is the process of decay of tooth enamel that occurs as a result of the action of bacteria in the mouth. Regular tooth brushing, a proper diet with reduced sugar intake and the use of fluoride products such as toothpaste and oral rinses help preserve the enamel and prevent the development of caries. Numerous studies show that a large number of children suffer from caries, which often results in pain, discomfort and reduced quality of life. Regular visits to dentists are essential for monitoring the oral health of children in the lower grades. Parents, caregivers, health professionals and schools have a key role in educating children about the importance of oral hygiene and tooth decay prevention in order to give them a healthy smile and better overall health status in the future. The aim of the research was to examine the perceptions and behaviors related to oral hygiene among primary school students, and to determine whether there are general differences in opinions and according to gender, to investigate the eating habits of primary school children and to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference in the consumption of certain foods between boys and girls. The cross-sectional study included elementary school students who voluntarily and anonymously participated in filling out an online survey distributed via e-mail. No statistically significant difference in opinion about oral hygiene was confirmed between students in class and according to gender. There is a statistically significant difference in food consumption among boys and girls. Boys eat meat more often, while girls prefer sweets more often. A high awareness of oral hygiene and health was expressed. As many as 96% of respondents recognize the importance of brushing teeth. The conclusion is that students have good oral hygiene practices and habits, but it is necessary to reach the part of students who do not have such practices. Good education and prevention programs in schools can significantly contribute to students' creation of good oral hygiene habits.