This paper is a comparative analysis of certain aspects of Japanese and Greek mythology. Methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, generalization, compilation and comparison were used in the preparation of the paper. The importance of mythology for understanding the contemporary social framework of modern states is invaluable, from influencing religion, culture, art to influencing law, philosophy, etc. The paper therefore provides a comparative insight into the mythology of Japan and Greece and reveals similarities but also differences between these two cultures. The Japanese myths derived from Kōjiki and Nihonshōki are explained separately. The influence of early Japanese mythical notions on the later arrival of Buddhism and Christianity in Japan is explained, as well as the mythical depiction of the nature, animals and people. A special chapter also deals with ancient Greek mythology and its rich influence on later centuries in Europe, but also the 20th century in which myths were revived on canvas, books and game consoles. Finally, an analysis of several well-known Japanese and Greek myths and archetypal similarities that connect them is given. The author uses scientific literature, online articles and other sources on the mythologies of individual civilizations.