This paper deals with the research and analysis of the arrival of the Franciscans on Istrian soil, as well as the church and monastery of St. Francis of Assisi in Pula. The history of the Order is closely related to the figure of St. Francis of Assisi, founder of the Order. The foundation and development of the Order goes back to the 13th century, when Francis was joined by the first companions. The order of the Friars Minor rapidly spreads through Italy, Europe and the rest of the world, preaching the gospel and building churches and monasteries. At the beginning of the 13th century, during the lifetime of the founder, the Franciscans arrived in Istria. With the arrival of the first brothers on Istrian soil, the first churches and monasteries were built. The church and monastery of St. Francis of Assisi in Pula is a monumental building of exceptional architectural ingenuity and beauty. As a cultural and historical monument with rich sacral heritage, it is a treasure trove of the material legacy of the Franciscans and their followers. The research was conducted using the method of content analysis and included all available professional literature in the form of books and textbooks, internet sources, records of Franciscan experts as well as other church records.