| Sažetak | Mucanje se može definirati kao govor koji se sastoji od ponavljanja jednosložnih riječi ili dijelova riječi, produživanja, tihe fiksacije ili blokade te je često popraćeno sekundarnim ponašanjima (napeti pokreti tijela). Javlja se kod 1% populacije, a češće se javlja kod muškaraca. Budući da ometa komunikaciju, mucanje utječe na različite aspekte života. Koliki i kakav će biti efekt mucanja na život osobe koja muca, između ostalog, ovisi o stavovima okoline prema mucanju i osobama koje pate od tog poremećaja. Stoga je osnovni cilj ovog istraživanja bio ispitati stavove prema osobama koje mucaju, razinu informiranosti o poremećaju, stereotipe koji se javljaju o osobama koje mucaju i stupanj prihvaćenosti osoba koje mucaju s obzirom na studijsko usmjerenje te razine iskustva (kontakta) s osobama koje mucaju na uzorku studenta. Dodatno su se htjele ispitati kauzalne atribucije stanja mucanja te usporediti procjene socijalne distance prema psihičkom bolesniku, tjelesnom invalidu i osobi koja muca. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 334 studenta (280 studentica i 54 studenata) različitih sveučilišta u Hrvatskoj. Uz upitnik općih podataka, korištena je adaptirana verzija Instrumenta za ispitivanje sadržaja stigme prema osobama koje mucaju (Jokić-Begić, Kamenov i Korajlija, 2005). Prema nalazim istraživanja osobe koje mucaju se opisuju kao normalne, nesigurne, sposobne, nervozne, neshvaćene, hrabre, prilagodljive, povučene, dobre i simpatične. Mucanje je procijenjeno kao stanje koje nije vezano u potpunosti ni uz karakteristike osobe ni uz vanjske okolnosti, koje je podložno promjeni te nije podložno kontroli. Stavovi prema osobama koje mucaju su uglavnom pozitivni te nema razlike u stavovima između studenata pomagačkog i nepomagačkog studijskog usmjerenja. Sudionici koji mucaju kao i sudionici koji su ostvarili bilo kakav kontakt s osobom koja muca imaju pozitivnije stavove od onih koji nisu ostvarili kontakt. Utvrđena je generalna tendencija češćeg biranja pozitivnih stereotipa u odnosu na negativne, koja se zadržala unutar skupina oba studijska usmjerenja te svih kategorija kontakta. Studenti oba studijska usmjerenja podjednako biraju pozitivne stereotipe, dok studenti nepomagačkog studijskog usmjerenja biraju nešto više negativnih stereotipa. Sudionici koji mucaju imaju najviše pozitivnih stereotipa, a najmanje sudionici koji su ostvarili površan kontakt i oni koji ga nisu uopće ostvarili. Sudionici koji mucaju i oni koji su ostvarili bliski kontakt s osobom koja muca imaju više negativnih stereotipa od sudionika koji su ostvarili površan kontakt ili ga nisu uopće ostvarili. Nema razlike u informiranosti i socijalnoj distanci prema osobama koje mucaju s obzirom na studijsko usmjerenje i razinu ostvarenog kontakta. Na cjelokupnom uzorku, najveća socijalna distanca je bila za pripadnike skupine psihički bolesnik, a najmanja za osobu koja muca. |
| Sažetak (engleski) | Stuttering can be defined as a speech consisting of the repetition of one syllable words or parts of words, extending, silent fixation or blockade and is often accompanied by secondary behaviours (tense body movements). Stuttering occurs in 1% of the population and more often occurs in men. As it impedes communication, stuttering affects various aspects of life. The magnitude and the exact effect of stuttering on the life of a stuttering person, among other things, depend on the attitude of the environment towards stuttering and the persons suffering from that disorder. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to examine the attitude towards people who stutter, the level of information about the disorder, the stereotypes of people who stutter and the social distance of people who stutter with regard to the study orientation and levels of experience (contact) with people who stutter. In addition, another aim was to examine casual attribution of stuttering and cmpare social distance towards a patient suffering from a mental illness, a physically disabled person and a person who stutter. 334 students (280 female and 54 male) from various universities in Croatia participated in the research. In addition to the general data questionnaire, an adapted version of the Instrument for testing stigma contents for people who stutter was used (Jokić-Begić, Kamenov and Korailija, 2005). According to research findings, people who stutter are describe as normal, insecure, capable, nervous, incomprehensible, brave, adaptable, shy, good and sympathetic. Stuttering is assessed as a condition that is not entirely linked to neither personality characteristics nor external circumstances, which is prone to change and which cannot be influenced by the person’s free will. The attitude towards stuttering persons is generally positive, and there is no difference among students of assisting and non-assisting study direction. Stuttering participants as well as participants who have made any contact with a person who stutters have a more positive attitude than those who have not made any contact. A general tendency of choosing more positive stereotypes than the negative ones was established and was maintained within groups of both study directions and all categories of contact. Students of both study directions equally choose positive stereotypes, while students of a non-assisting study direction choose slightly more negative stereotypes. Stuttering participants choose the most positive stereotypes, while students who have made superficial contact and those who did not make any contact choose at least positive stereotypes. Stuttering participants and those who have made close contact with a person who stutters generally choose somewhat more negative stereotypes than participants who have made superficial contact or did not make any. There is no difference in awareness and social distance towards people who stutter given the study direction and the level of contact. Regarding the whole sample, the greatest social distance was found regarding the members of the mentally ill group, and the smallest for people who stutter. |
